What is child abuse?

Child maltreatment is harm (or risk of harm) caused to a child by a parent, caretaker or another person responsible for the child's safety. There are four major types of child maltreatment: neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse.

Neglect is a failure to provide for the child's basic needs. Neglect is the number one cause of child deaths.

Sexual abuse is characterized by the inappropriate touch/sexualization of a child. Many experts believe sexual abuse is the most under-reported form of child maltreatment because of the secrecy that so often characterizes these cases.

Emotional abuse is characterized by acts or omissions by the parents or other caregivers that have caused, or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders.

Examples of emotional abuse:

• Constant criticism
• Threats
• Rejection
• Put downs
• Name calling
• Withholding love, support or guidance

Remember the risk factors.

Child abuse and neglect occur in all segments of our society, but the risk factors are greater in families where parents:

• Abuse alcohol or drugs
• Are isolated from their families or communities
• Have difficulty controlling their anger or stress
• Appear uninterested in the care, nourishment or safety of their children
• Seem to be having serious economic, housing or personal problems

Recognize the warning signs.

Some of the warning signs that a child might be abused or neglected include:

• Nervousness around adults
• Aggression toward adults or other children
• Inability to stay awake or to concentrate for extended periods
• Sudden, dramatic changes in personality or activities
• Acting out sexually or showing interest in sex that is not appropriate for his/her age
• Frequent or unexplained bruises or injuries
• Low self esteem
• Poor hygiene
• Soiling him/herself (if he/she has been potty trained for a period of time)

Report suspected child abuse and neglect.

If you suspect child abuse or neglect is occurring, report it----and keep reporting it----until something is done. Contact child protective services in your area or your local law enforcement office. You may also use the Childhelp USA number below for more information on how and where to file a report.

Childhelp USA (800) 4-A-Child

Oklahoma Child Abuse Hotline (800) 522-3511

Chickasaw Nation Indian Child Welfare (580) 272-5550

***Some information above taken from the 2003 child abuse prevention community resource packet.